TANTANGAN LEGAL DALAM MEMBENDUNG GELOMBANG KEKERASAN MENTAL: PENEGAKAN HUKUM AKIBAT DAMPAK FISIK DAN PSIKIS [ LEGAL CHALLENGES IN CURBING THE WAVE OF MENTAL VIOLENCE: LAW ENFORCEMENT IN RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES ]

Abstrak Bahasa Indonesia : Artikel disusun dengan latar kebutuhan penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku kekerasan mental, baik daring maupun luring, karena tindakan tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan masalah fisik dan psikologis bagi korbannya, bahkan bisa berujung kematian. Materi kajian meliputi peraturan hukum Indonesia, dan peraturan hukum Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT). Rumusan masalah: (1) Landasan hukum tindak pidana kekerasan mental di Indonesia dan Tiongkok. (2) Faktor yang mendasari perilaku kekerasan mental dunia nyata maupun maya. (3) Peran hukum Indonesia dan Tiongkok terkait kekerasan mental. Tujuannya mengetahui kepastian hukum, faktor timbulnya kekerasan mental, peran sistem hukum kedua negara. Tulisan menggunakan metode normatif, dengan pendekatan undang-undang, konseptual, dan komparatif pada Hukum RRT. Objek: (a) UUD 1945, (b) KUHP Indonesia, (c) UU ITE No. 11 Th 2008, (d) KUHP RRT. Hasil: (1) Penegakan hukum melibatkan pemerintah dan masyarakat; efektif dengan institusi kuat, budaya kerja baik, peraturan lengkap. Kekerasan mental diatur undang-undang Indonesia dan Tiongkok. (2) Faktor kekerasan psikologis: pola asuh, lingkungan keluarga, teman sebaya, media massa, lingkungan sosial, biologis, dan psikologis; dampak: depresi, kecemasan, keinginan bunuh diri. (3) Hukum Indonesia dan Tiongkok melindungi korban kekerasan mental melalui legislasi, penegakan hukum, pendidikan, kampanye kesadaran, serta perlindungan hukum. Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Kekerasan Mental, Gangguan Fisik, Ancaman Psikis, Kerugian Immaterial. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ English Abstract : This article is developed based on the urgent need for legal enforcement against perpetrators of mental violence, both online and offline, as such actions may cause serious physical and psychological harm to victims and, in extreme cases, lead to death. The study examines the legal frameworks of Indonesia and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The research addresses three main issues: (1) the legal foundations governing mental violence offenses in Indonesia and China; (2) the underlying factors contributing to mental violence in both real-world and digital environments; and (3) the role of the legal systems of Indonesia and China in addressing mental violence. The objective of this study is to analyze legal certainty, identify the causes of mental violence, and evaluate the role of both countries’ legal systems in providing protection and regulation. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, particularly with reference to Chinese law. The legal materials examined include: (a) the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, (b) the Indonesian Criminal Code, (c) Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions, and (d) the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China. The findings indicate that: (1) effective law enforcement requires cooperation between government institutions and society and is supported by strong institutions, sound legal culture, and comprehensive regulations; mental violence is regulated under both Indonesian and Chinese legal systems. (2) Contributing factors to psychological violence include parenting patterns, family environment, peer influence, mass media exposure, social conditions, as well as biological and psychological aspects, with impacts such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. (3) The legal systems of Indonesia and China provide protection for victims of mental violence through legislation, law enforcement mechanisms, educational initiatives, public awareness campaigns, and legal safeguards. Keywords: Legal Protection; Mental Violence; Physical Harm; Psychological Threat; Immaterial Losses.