GRAVITATIONAL LENSING WITHOUT DARK MATTER

Gravitational lensing is widely regarded as the most direct evidence for dark matter halos around galaxies. Standard cosmology requires invisible mass distributions 10–100 times the baryonic mass to reproduce observed lensing signals. This paper demonstrates that FIGID (Field Intrinsic Gravity Induced Density) reproduces galaxy-galaxy weak lensing observations without dark matter, without free parameters, and without fitting. The FIGID force equation—derived from baryonic mass alone with the cosmic field mode providing the MOND enhancement—predicts 91% of the observed excess surface density signal measured in SDSS galaxy-galaxy weak lensing surveys using standard Chabrier stellar masses. The remaining 9% is accounted for by the environmental variation of the Milgrom critical acceleration a₀, a prediction published independently in the FIGID-MOND paper (Markham 2026) before any lensing analysis was performed. Galaxies in group and cluster environments experience elevated local field density, which increases a₀_eff = a₀ × √(ρ_local/ρ₀), boosting their lensing signal. For a realistic survey mix of 70% field galaxies, 20% group galaxies, and 10% cluster-outskirts galaxies, the environmental correction adds 8–9%, bringing the total FIGID prediction to 99–100% of the observed signal. The power-law slope of the lensing profile matches observations exactly