THE ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, AND IMPORTANCE OF PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSIS AT THE PRESENT TIME

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains a long-term public health threat due to a complex combination of biological and socio-economic factors. According to the 2019 Global Tuberculosis Report published by the World Health Organization, tuberculosis ranks as the ninth leading cause of death worldwide and is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. High infection and mortality rates are primarily observed in developing and low-income countries. This article analyzes current epidemiological data, etiological factors, and pathogenetic mechanisms associated with tuberculosis.