Reimagining History Education Through Artificial Intelligence: Designing Adaptive Learning Systems for 21st-Century Classrooms

This study reimagines history education through artificial intelligence (AI) by designing an adaptive learning system that personalizes historical inquiry, content sequencing, and formative feedback for 21st-century classrooms. Drawing on prior research in AI-driven instruction and learner-centered technologies, the study integrates intelligent tutoring principles with collaborative and mobile learning approaches. Using a mixed-methods design, quantitative achievement data and qualitative thematic analyses were collected from secondary students engaging with AI-supported historical simulations. Findings indicate statistically significant gains in historical reasoning, engagement, and self-regulated learning, alongside improved inclusivity through differentiated scaffolding. The study contributes a validated framework for adaptive AI integration in history education aligned with global digital transformation goals.