Endaeus canangae Haran & Zelvelder & Boupoya & Couvreur & Niangadouma & Benoit & Kergoat & Buatois & Dufäy & Kojima & Allio 2026, sp. nov.

Endaeus canangae Haran sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3E7EAE7B-312C-4E3E-9D9D-F99619B1D9D7 Figs 5–6 Differential diagnosis Endaeus canangae Haran sp. nov. is similar in general appearance to some species of the related genus Endaenidius, such as En. sarawakensis Kojima & Morimoto, 1995, En. kemae Kojima & Morimoto, 1995, En. crassipes Kojima & Morimoto, 1995 and En. spinipes Kojima & Morimoto, 1995, all described from East Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah) by having the profemora not thicker than the posterior femora, and the erect setae pointed outwards along sides and apical margin of prothorax (for details see Kojima & Morimoto 1995a). However, profemora each bear a comb of 5–6 erect setae beyond the triangular tooth in E. canangae (the setae are very short or absent in aforementioned species of Endaenidius). Among the known Endaeus, this species is also similar to E. hikosanus Kojima & Morimoto, 1995 from Japan, in the absence of a series of suberect setae along the internal margin of the protibiae. Endaeus canangae can be distinguished from it by the subequal thickness of the femora across all pairs of legs (profemora slightly thicker than the posterior femora in E. hikosanus). Endaeus canangae is also closely related to E. inexpectatus Hsiao & Kojima, 2025, recently described from northern Vietnam. It differs by having a paler body integument, a narrower prothorax (W:L ratio 1.44, versus 1.60 in E. inexpectatus), the eyes are more convex and the ventrite 5 in females lacks a rounded patch. The body of penis is widest at base and regularly converging apicad in dorsal view, while it is widest in apical ¼ in E. inexpectatus (Hsiao et al. 2025). Among the species of Endaeus for which a barcode sequence is available, this species is closest to E. castus (COI p- distance of 14.6%), which is a brood-site pollinator of Annona senegalensis in Africa. Etymology This species is named in reference to its association with flowers of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson, 1855; Annonaceae). Type material Holotype INDONESIA • ♂; “INDONESIA, SUMATRA / Martebing; 4.vii.2023; J. Haran coll. / JHAR05725-01; 3.329 99.035 [3°19′44.3″ N, 99°02′05.6″ E] / Cananga odorata / Collection-Cirad / Holotype; Endaeus canangae / Haran 2026”; CBGP, JHAR05725-01. Paratypes INDONESIA • 4 ♂♂; Sumatra Island; Martebing; 3°19′44.3″ N, 99°02′05.6″ E; 4 Jul. 2022; J. Haran leg.; on flowers of Cananga odorata (Annonaceae); TUA, JHAR05725-02 to JHAR05725-05 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; CBGP, JHAR05725-06 • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; CBGP, JHAR05725- 07 to JHAR05725-08 • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; CBGP, JHAR05725-09 to JHAR05725-10 • 10 adult specs, sex undetermined, preserved in ethanol; same data as for preceding; CBGP, JHAR05725- 11 to JHAR05725-20 • 10 larvae, sex undetermined, preserved in ethanol; same data as for preceding; CBGP, JHAR05725-21 to JHAR05725-30 • 1 ♀; Sumatra Island; Martebing; 3°20′08.8″ N, 99°02′34.9″; 4 Jul. 2022; J. Haran leg.; sweeping flowers of Turnera sp. (Passifloraceae Juss. ex Roussel); CBGP, JHAR05727-01. Description Male BODY LENGTH. 2–2.7 mm. COLOUR. Body integument entirely pale yellow; vestiture of head, prothorax and elytra made of whitish setae, not concealing integument; vestiture of elytra made of combination of short, recumbent setae, ½–¾ as wide as width of interstria, forming 3–4 ill-defined longitudinal rows on each interstria and suberect setae, 2 × as long as former ones, forming one row per interstria. HEAD. Rostrum slightly shorter than prothorax (0.9 ×) in lateral view, 2.2 × as long as width of eye, moderately downcurved; antennae inserted at apical ⅓ of rostrum; head capsule covered with recumbent, centripetal setae in dorsal view; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view but not in lateral view, space between eyes about ½ as wide as base of rostrum; antennal funicle with segments 1 and 2 equal in length, 1 globular, slightly longer than wide, 2 twice as long as wide, 3 isodiametric, 4–6 wider than long, 6 fused to club, ⅔ as wide as club width, bearing ring of erect setae reaching the apex of segment 1 of club; scape as long as segments 1–5 of funicle, widening at apical ⅓ of length. PROTHORAX. Wider than long (W:L ratio 1.44), widest near middle of length, sides rounded, narrowing apically and basally, with basal margin only slightly wider than apical margin; integument shiny, micropunctuate, with uniformly distributed, medium-sized, circular punctures; space between punctures as wide as diameter of punctures or larger; sides and apical margin of prothorax with erect setae pointing outwards; recumbent setae on dorsum pointing towards scutellar shield. ELYTRA. Sides subparallel on basal ½, widest near middle of length (W:L ratio: 0.80); humeri raised; interstriae 3–4 × as wide as striae; interstriae 10 with widening from base to level of metacoxae, middle of widening about 1.5 × as wide as interstriae 9 at same level; scutellar shield rounded and shiny. ABDOMEN. Underside covered with recumbent, whitish setae, forming slightly denser coating than on elytra. LEGS. Profemora subequal in thickness to meso- and metafemora, thickened in middle of length, bearing acute tooth and comb of 5–6 erect setae located at distance from apex of tooth equal to length of tarsomere 1+2, at distance from apex of profemora equal to length of seta; protibiae downcurved in basal ½, external margin straight in apical ¾, internal margin bisinuate, apex with mucro slightly larger than claws; meta-tibiae faintly emarginate internally in apical ⅓ and with suberect incurved setae; meso-tibiae armed with mucro, on meta-tibiae mucro reduced to small spine; tarsal claws appendiculate, only with smooth internal thickening on metatarsi. TERMINALIA. Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio: 0.26), about 1.8 × as long as apodemes, sides subparallel, narrowing in apical 1 /5, apex acuminate; curvature in lateral view moderate and regular, narrowing in apical ¼; internal sclerite 0.5 × as long as body of penis, forming a reversed ‘y’ at base (Fig. 5C). Feamle Males and females can be distinguished by their rostrum which is longer (as long as the prothorax in lateral view in ♀♀; 0.8 × as long as the prothorax in ♂♂) and more downcurved in females than in males. Life history Endaeus canangae Haran sp. nov. is associated with the flowers of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata; Annonaceae). Adults were observed flying toward flowers in anthesis in late afternoon. This activity coincides with the emission of a distinct scent (JH pers. obs.). Once on a petal (Fig. 6D), the adults move up to hide in the flower chamber, between the base of petals and apex of stamens (Fig. 6E). Multiple individuals may stay in this chamber together with an unidentified species of sap beetle (Nitidulidae). In the chamber, specimens generally stand on the red spots at the base of petals (Fig. 6F). Later in the night (around 9 pm), some adults were observed mating on the petals, out of the chamber. Oviposition takes place in a shallow hole made by females and the larvae develop by digging a gallery in the petals, forming a brown mine (Fig. 6A–C). Pupae were not observed in the mines, suggesting that pupation and eclosion takes place in the ground. Among the dozens of flowers in anthesis observed over several days, only one was exhibiting mines at time of observation. Despite intensive examination of receptive flowers of other flowering species of Annonaceae at the vicinity, E. canangae was only observed on Cananga odorata, suggesting a specialized relationship. The single observation of a specimen on flowers of Turnera Plum. ex L. (Passifloraceae) is likely accidental. Cananga odorata is widely cultivated for ylang-ylang production but is unable to reproduce out of its native range in absence of its pollinators, except in Ivory Coast where an association with local nitidulid beetles enables the development of fruits (Deroin 1988a). Distribution This species is currently only known for the type locality on Sumatra Island, but its host is widely distributed in Southeast Asia and planted across the tropics (WFO 2024). Remarks Endaeus canangae Haran sp. nov. exhibits profemora that are similar in thickness to the meso- and metafemora – a trait considered diagnostic for the genus Endaenidius. However, recent observations of both Endaenidius and Endaeus have revealed intermediate forms, casting doubt on the validity of Endaenidius as a distinct genus. To avoid potential future nomenclatural acts and pending a clearer definition of Endaenidius, this species is provisionally placed within the genus Endaeus. See Hsiao et al. (2025) for a comparable case.