Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in The Phalgu River on Agricultural Fields and Rural Communities In Bihar

The heavy metal pollution in the Phalgu River, with a focus on its impact on agricultural fields and rural communities in Bihar. The increasing industrialization and unregulated agricultural practices in the region have led to concerns about the contamination of water resources, particularly with toxic heavy metals. This pollution poses significant risks to both human health and the environment, necessitating a thorough investigation. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the concentration levels of heavy metals in the Phalgu River and assess their implications for agricultural productivity and community health. To achieve this, a comprehensive methodology was employed, involving systematic water and soil sampling at various points along the river. Water Sampling Technique (WST)Water samples are collected from various points along the river, particularly at identified sampling stations. Both surface water and sediment samples are taken to evaluate the presence of heavy metals. Soil Sampling Technique (SST) Soil samples are collected from agricultural fields adjacent to the river. Surveys were conducted in rural communities to gauge awareness and the health impacts experienced by residents due to contaminated water and crops. This analysis examines heavy metal concentrations at three soil depths: 0-15 cm lead 600, nickel 550, chromium 350, cobalt 350, 15-30 cm lead 1200, nickel 350, cadmium 300), and 30-45 cm chromium 300, nickel 650. pH declines from 200 to 100, affecting metal mobility and bioavailability. The findings indicate a troubling trend of elevated heavy metal concentrations, particularly in areas adjacent to agricultural fields, where irrigation practices contribute to soil and crop contamination. The anurgent need for effective water management policies and community education to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution. In the future, this research underscores the necessity for ongoing monitoring of heavy metal levels in the Phalgu River and the development of sustainable agricultural practices that minimize pollution. It explores the long-term health impacts on affected communities, as well as the efficacy of remediation strategies to restore water quality and protect public health. By addressing these challenges, we can work towards ensuring a safer and healthier environment for the rural populations dependent on the Phalgu River.