ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION FACTORS: CLASSIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF PM2.5 PARTICLES

Atmospheric air pollution is recognized as one of the most significant global environmental and public health challenges, exerting a substantial impact on population health worldwide. Among the wide spectrum of airborne pollutants, fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) occupies a central position due to its high biological activity, prolonged atmospheric persistence, and ability to penetrate deeply into the human body. This conference paper aims to systematize current scientific evidence regarding the classification, spatial distribution, and biological mechanisms of PM2.5, with particular emphasis on its relevance for experimental morphology and clinical medicine.