Barriers of International Trade and Its Effect on Indian Economy

Abstract This research paper analyzes key barriers to international trade— including tariff and non-tariff measures,logistical inefficiencies, complex regulations, infrastructure gaps, exchange rate volatility, and geopolitical uncertainties — and their impact on the Indian economy. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study finds that while protective policies have supported domestic industries, persistent trade barriers reduce export competitiveness, increase import costs, and limit the participation of small and medium enterprises in global markets. These constraints weaken integration into global value chains and contribute to trade deficits, sectoral inflation, and slower GDP growth in India. The paper highlights the need for targeted policy reforms, improved trade facilitation, and regulatory harmonization to strengthen economic resilience and promote sustainable growth through international trade.