Integrating Mangrove Species into National Carbon Accounting and REDD+ Strategies in Cambodia

Abstract Cambodia's climate mitigation strategies, including its REDD+ framework, emphasize forest protection but currently treat mangroves as homogeneous carbon stocks. This approach fails to account for cryptic degradation from selective logging of high-carbon-density species like Heritiera littoralis, leading to unrecorded emissions and biodiversity loss. This nano-review argues for the integration of species-specific data into national carbon accounting and REDD+ mechanisms. It proposes a technical framework involving stratification by species composition, development of species-specific emission factors, and enhanced MRV systems. Furthermore, it outlines policy pathways to align REDD+ benefits with biodiversity conservation through enforceable safeguards, biodiversity-premium credits, and diverse restoration. Implementing species-inclusive governance is essential for accurate carbon reporting, incentivizing conservation, and securing resilient blue carbon ecosystems, positioning Cambodia as a leader in holistic climate action. Keywords Species-integrated carbon accounting; REDD+; Mangrove degradation; Biodiversity safeguards; Heritiera littoralis; Cryptic degradation; MRV enhancement; Blue carbon policy; Cambodia; Forest Reference Level (FRL)