Gen-Z Challenges and Problems: A Research Review Study

Abstract Generation Z, comprising individuals born between approximately 1997 and 2012, is navigating adulthood in a context marked by rapid digitalization, economic uncertainty, and growing environmental threats. This review paper examines contemporary research published between 2019 and 2025 to explore the major challenges faced by this generation. Key areas of focus include mental health and emotional wellbeing, smartphone and social media use, educational transitions, employment insecurity influenced by automation, and climate-related anxiety alongside civic engagement. Evidence indicates that Gen-Z reports higher psychological distress than previous cohorts, with digital technologies acting as both sources of stress and mechanisms for social support. Climate anxiety is widespread and closely linked to perceptions of insufficient institutional responses. The review also identifies methodological gaps, including limited longitudinal research and underrepresentation of diverse cultural contexts. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated mental health interventions, improved digital literacy, educational reforms, and policy initiatives addressing economic and environmental concerns affecting Gen-Z.