Stone Matrix Asphalt with Fischer–Tropsch Wax and Recycled Rubber: A Multi-Scale Evaluation of Mechanical and Functional Performance

This study investigates the synergistic use of Fischer–Tropsch wax (FTW) and recycled rubber powder (RP) as dual modifiers in stone mastic asphalt (SMA11) to improve its mechanical and functional performance. Rheological analysis demonstrated that 4% FTW achieves an optimal balance between rutting resistance, aging durability, and workability. When incorporated into SMA mixtures, 15% recycled rubber significantly improved rutting resistance, skid resistance, and thermal cracking resistance. The hybrid modification system also enables a 20 °C reduction in production temperature, contributing to lower energy consumption and emissions while supporting sustainable road construction through waste tire reuse.