Eye-Controlled Cursor System: A Low-Cost Approach To Hands-Free Human-Computer Interaction

Eye-tracking technologies have emerged as an effective solution for individuals with motor disabilities and for enabling touchless interaction systems. This study presents a real-time eye-controlled cursor system that operates using a standard RGB webcam, offering a low-cost and easily deployable hands-free interaction solution. The proposed system employs MediaPipe Face Landmarker for accurate eye landmark detection and gaze estimation. To address common challenges such as instability and unintended actions, a state-based interaction framework incorporating blink-based clicking, zone-based activation, and gaze-driven scrolling is introduced. Temporal smoothing is applied to minimize cursor jitter and reduce disturbances caused by involuntary eye movements or blinking. Experimental evaluation demonstrates improved stability, responsiveness, and user comfort compared to conventional low-cost gaze-based approaches. The results highlight the effectiveness of structured state separation and interaction zoning in enhancing robustness, usability, and accessibility in webcam-based eye-tracking systems.