NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF MOTOR AND BALANCE IMPAIRMENTS IN THE CHRONIC PHASE OF ISCHEMIC STROKE AND CONTEMPORARY REHABILITATION APPROACHES

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide and is associated with persistent neurological deficits affecting motor performance and postural control (1). Despite advances in acute stroke management, a significant proportion of patients enter the chronic (residual) phase with lasting impairments. Motor weakness, spasticity, impaired coordination, and balance disorders substantially reduce independence and quality of life. Understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these impairments is essential for optimizing rehabilitation strategies.