Qualitative Phytochemical Responses of Solanum melongena L. to Lead and Cobalt Stress at Different Growth Stages

The present study aimed to qualitatively assess phytochemical responses in methanolic extracts of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) subjected to lead (PbCl₂) and cobalt (CoCl₂) stress. Plants were exposed to control, 50, 150, and 300 ppm concentrations of PbCl₂ and CoCl₂ under pot culture conditions. Root, stem, and leaf samples were collected at 60 and 90 days after sowing and analyzed using standard qualitative phytochemical screening tests. The presence or absence of major phytochemical groups was recorded to evaluate variations associated with metal stress, plant organ, and growth stage. The results revealed noticeable variations in phytochemical composition across treatments, with several compounds detected in control and lower metal concentrations, while higher concentrations resulted in the absence of certain phytochemicals. Leaves generally exhibited better phytochemical retention compared to roots and stems. Distinct differences between lead and cobalt treatments indicated metal-specific effects on phytochemical expression. This qualitative screening provides preliminary insight into biochemical adjustments of eggplant under heavy metal stress and establishes a basis for further quantitative investigations.