Calea (Meyeria) Baker (Baker 1884

Calea subg. Meyeria (DC.) Baker Fig. 1 Calea subg. Meyeria (DC.) Baker (Baker 1884: 252). – Type species: Calea myrtifolia (DC.) Baker (Baker 1884: 260). Description Shrubs 0.3–3 m tall. Leaves opposite, decussate, petiolate, petiole 0.17–3(–5.3) mm long; blades 0.4–4(–6.05) × 0.18–2.7(–3.08) cm, usually ovate, rarely elliptic or oblong, margins serrate or entire. Capitulescence commonly cymose dichasiform, sometimes capitulum solitary, pedunculate, peduncles 0.3–3.6 cm long. Capitulum heterogamous, radiate; involucre 5–13.6(–14.7) × 5.1–17.3(–20) mm, campanulate. Phyllaries 5-seriate, outermost series of phyllaries generally foliaceous, rarely just middle foliaceous, third series foliaceous or apex foliaceous or scarious, innermost series scarious; receptacle holopaleaceous, paleae 5.5–10.2 mm long. Ray florets 6–20 per capitulum, corolla 7.7–21.1(–22.3) mm long, liguliform, yellow, tube 1.5–4.4(–4.9) mm long, limb 5.3–17.7(–18.5) × 1.8–6.3(–7) mm; style branches 0.6–1.8 mm long. Disc florets 18–80 per capitulum, corolla 4.1–7.9 mm long, tubular, yellow, tube 1–2.9 mm long, lobes 0.7–2.1 mm long; anthers 2.1–3.4 mm long; style branches 0.9–1.6 mm long. Cypselae 2.3–3.6 mm long, obconical or prismatic, blackish; pappus of scales generally monotypic, often bitypic, usually monolength, often bilength, rarely polylength, free, 9–15 × 0.4–2.5(–4.5) mm, oblong or oblanceolate, sometimes elliptic. Distribution and habitat Calea subg. Meyeria is endemic to central-eastern and southern Brazil where it occurs in the states of central and southern Minas Gerais, eastern São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and northeastern Rio Grande do Sul (Fig. 1) in open areas from grasslands, shrublands, savannas, and rock outcrops of the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado domains. The total extent of occurrence of the subgenus is about 600 000 km², with an area of occupancy of 284 131 km ², when excluding the forest formations and water bodies within this extent. The present taxonomic study recognizes eight species and two nothospecies. The qualitative and quantitative morphological characterizations were the basis for the species descriptions, taxonomic notes, a key, and the overlapping key characters table (Table 1). The comparison of the leaves of the all taxa are in Fig. 2. Key to the taxa of Calea subg. Meyeria Baker 1. Leaf margins white, secondary veins inconspicuous; outermost series of phyllaries with white margins .............................................................................................................................................. 2 – Leaf margins green, secondary veins conspicuous; outermost series of phyllaries with olivaceous margins .............................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Stems non-glandular; 4 th order of phyllaries glabrous, 5 th order 2.3–2.7 mm wide ............................ ....................................................................................................................... C. marginata S.F.Blake – Stems glandular-punctate; 4 th order of phyllaries sparsely glandular-punctate, 5 th order 3.5–4.8 mm wide ............................................................... C. × malmeana V.R.Bueno & G.Heiden nothosp. nov. 3. Stems corrugate, densely glandular-punctate, puberulous to puberulent; leaves chartaceous, margins flat .............................................................................................................. C. parvifolia (DC.) Baker – Stems striate, non-glandular or glandular-punctate with stems hispid to hispidulous; leaves coriaceous, margins revolute ............................................................................................................................... 4 4. Stems villose; leaf blade abaxial surface villose; outermost series of phyllaries villose ................... ................................................................................................... C. funkiana V.R.Bueno & G.Heiden – Stems hirsute, puberullent, puberulous, hispid, hispidulous or glabrous; leaf blade abaxial surface scabridulous, hispid, hispidulous, strigose, puberulous or glabrous; outermost series of phyllaries scabridulous, hispid, hispidulous, puberulous, strigose or glabrous ................................................. 5 5. Peduncle pilose or hirsute or puberulous, leaf base rounded, fifth series of phyllaries 8.4–11.2 mm long ................................................................................................................................................... 6 – Peduncle hispid or hispidulous or strigose or puberulous, leaf base cordate, fifth series of phyllaries 6.6–8.2 mm long ............................................................................................................................... 7 6. First series of phyllaries shorter than or equal to 6 mm, second series shorter than or equal to 6 mm, widely ovate to narrowly ovate, sometimes elliptic (2:1 ratio) ................. C. myrtifolia (DC.) Baker – First series of phyllaries longer than 6 mm, second series longer than 6 mm, orbiculate (1:1 ratio) to widely elliptic (1.5:1 ratio) ................................................................................ C. phyllolepis Baker 7. First series of phyllaries apex acute, leaf venation acrodromous basal; corolla of ray florets 14.7– 17 mm long ............................................................................. C. pruskiana V.R.Bueno & G.Heiden – First series of phyllaries apex obtuse or acute, leaf venation reticulate or acrodromous suprabasal; corolla of ray florets 7.4–14.2 mm long ........................................................................................... 8 8. Peduncle strigose to sparsely hispidulous; outer series of phyllaries glabrous, sparsely strigose to glabrous, apex obtuse or rounded ................................... C. subintegerrima V.R.Bueno & G.Heiden – Peduncle hispid or hispidulous or puberulous; outer series of phyllaries hispid to hispidulous to glabrescent, scabrid or glabrous with apex acute ............................................................................. 9 9. Leaf base cordate; paleae conduplicate ...................................................... C. triantha (Vell.) Pruski – Leaf base rounded or subcordate; paleae concave ............. C. × parviantha V.R.Bueno & G.Heiden