Comparative study of the elemental composition of leaves of Сommon lilac varieties amethyst and Nadia

Introduction. Macro- and microelements are important and valuable components of the general homeostatic system of the human body, which are vital for regulating the activity of all organs and systems. The functional significance and biological value of macro- and microelements is manifested at all levels of life: cellular, molecular, subcellular, tissue, and also at the level of the whole organism. They ensure the activation of most of the body's enzyme systems, promote the stimulation of tissue respiration processes, activate energy metabolism and hematopoiesis processes, influence immune responses, the synthesis of biologically active compounds and various hormones, metabolism of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and correct various free radical processes in the human body. The most valuable elements are sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and phosphorus. Sodium is necessary for the transport of amino acids and glucose to the body's cells, maintains osmotic balance in cells, and ensures a stable blood pH level, nerve impulse conduction, and heart muscle contraction. Potassium is equally important, as it regulates and maintains normal blood pressure and supports a stable heart rhythm. Potassium plays an important role in various physiological reactions, and its deficiency or excessive concentration can affect human health. Calcium activates enzymes such as pancreatic lipase and the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Magnesium is important for enzymatic reactions in the human body and the metabolism of nutrients. It ensures the transmission of nerve impulses and maintains a constant body temperature. Due to its ability to form reversible chelate-like bonds with organic substances, magnesium ensures the course of numerous biochemical reactions. Mg2+ is an intracellular cation, second in abundance only to K+, and is found mainly in mitochondria, the nucleus, and ribosomes. Up to 90% of intracellular Mg2+ is bound to ATP, so ATP levels are one of the main factors limiting its reserves. Mg2+ ions are part of 13 metalloproteins and over 300 enzymes. Mg2+ performs a number of important functions in the body: it participates in the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, promotes the formation of fats (synthesis of lipoprotein complexes on ribosomes), and regulates the balance of triacylglycerols and high- and low-density lipoproteins. Ferrum is an essential component of myoglobin, hemoglobin, and a number of enzymes that play an important role in the oxidation of red blood cells, as well as ensuring the functioning of the nervous system and preventing the development of anemia in the body. Zinc ensures the stable activity of various enzymes