Unified Topological Explanation of the Attraction-Repulsion Paradox at Mesoscopic and Microscopic Scales

Abstract The coexistence of the "like-charge repulsion" in mesoscopic electromagnetism and the stable binding of positively charged protons in the atomic nucleus has long been an unsolved attraction-repulsion paradox in classical physics and nuclear physics, which traditional theories fail to explain with a unified mechanism. Based on the Chen Superstring Theory (CST), this paper reveals the essence of electric charge as a topological manifold formed by the entanglement of gravitational strings (G-strings) and repulsive strings (R-strings) inside particles, and expounds the scale-dependent force action mechanism from the perspective of topological structure evolution and vector field superposition. At the mesoscopic scale (r > r_c), G-strings and R-strings spontaneously form a quantum vector field with N/S polarity through coherent and synchronous motion (analogous to the classical pendulum synchronization effect), and the attraction and repulsion of charges are the macroscopic manifestations of the directional superposition of this vector field, resulting in the law of like-charge repulsion and opposite-charge attraction. When compressed to the microscopic nuclear scale (r < r_c, ~10^{-15}\text{m}), extreme spatial compactification leads to the collapse and fusion of the Möbius strip-like topological structure of the vector field, the N-S polar effect is completely shielded, and the system reverts to the energy eigenstate dominated by the pure G-string ontology. The essential gravitational coupling between G-strings forms the strong nuclear force, which overcomes Coulomb repulsion and ensures the stable existence of atomic nuclei. This study realizes the unified topological explanation of electromagnetic force and strong nuclear force by clarifying the conversion law of force-dominant mechanisms with scale changes, eliminates the logical separation between traditional electromagnetism and nuclear physics, and provides a novel physical perspective for revealing the intrinsic connection of fundamental interactions in nature.