The Serinus canaria species as an epidemiological sentinel for avian influenza

Avian influenza is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by type A influenza viruses, with H5 and H7 subtypes being particularly pathogenic. Their genetic instability and ability to mutate and recombine increase the risk of spillover to humans. In the 2025/2026 season, 1,443 cases of HPAI (mostly H5N1) were reported in 26 European countries, with outbreaks also occurring in Italy. European health authorities (ECDC, EFSA, ISS, IZSVe) issued urgent measures on biosecurity, surveillance, and containment, promoting an integrated One Health approach. A predictive model based on machine learning, published in Scientific Reports by Heidelberg University, demonstrated 94% accuracy in predicting HPAI outbreaks, integrating environmental, climatic, and livestock-related variables. Calabria is proposed as a case study for the regional adaptation of the model, thanks to both its avian biodiversity and its ornithological tradition. Canaries, due to their sensitivity and traceability, can act as biological sentinels for the last line of surveillance. The local implementation involves the collection of climatic, health, and behavioral data, with the involvement of scientific bodies and ornithological associations. The goal is to strengthen regional health resilience and create a model that can be replicated in other European areas. Prevention remains crucial, especially during critical periods such as autumn and spring, when environmental conditions favor viral spread.