CAROTID SINUS HYPERSENSITIVITY SYNDROME: AN EXPANDED SCIENTIFIC REVIEW

Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity Syndrome (CSHS) is an exaggerated baroreflex-mediated response triggered by stimulation of the carotid sinus, leading to clinically significant bradycardia, hypotension, or both. It represents an important and potentially reversible cause of syncope, particularly in older adults. The syndrome is classified into cardioinhibitory, vasodepressor, and mixed types based on hemodynamic response patterns. Diagnosis is established by carotid sinus massage under controlled monitoring conditions. Management strategies depend on subtype, with permanent pacemaker implantation being highly effective in cardioinhibitory forms. This review summarizes the anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and evidence-based management of CSHS.