A play-based Occupational Therapy intervention on patients with acquired brain injuries: a preliminary cohort study

Abstract Introduction: scientific evidence highlights approaches for patients with acquired brain injuries (ABI) without identifying specific occupational therapy interventions. However, therapists, in collaboration with patients, often explore additional interventions, including leisure activities and play, which are adaptable to individual difficulties and contribute to the development of daily life skills. Clinical practice is guided by the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model (OTIPM). Objectives: this study aims to analyze the adequacy of play-based intervention in modifying social interaction skills in ABI patients. Methods: a preliminary cohort study was conducted on ABI patients aged 18 to 65 years, assessed using Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale (LCFS) and scoring 4 or 5. Participants were admitted to Don Gnocchi S.M. Nascente hospital. Through preliminary observation, an initial level of difficulty was determined for each patient. The intervention consisted of 12 treatments, five of which were dedicated to play. Two OTIPM assessments (pre- and post-intervention) were conducted to evaluate social interaction skills. Finally, an interview was administered to explore patients’ experiences during the intervention. Data were analyzed using a mixed-method approach. Results: four patients were recruited. The pre- and post- assessment revealed an increase of 22 “adequate” items related to social interaction skills. Most participants reported perceiving a change in their interaction abilities. Conclusion: this study emphasizes that leisure activities and play can positively influence social interactions when included in an occupational therapy intervention tailored to patients’ needs. Furthermore, these activities can foster therapeutic relationships and offer patients the opportunity to experience enjoyment during hospitalization.