Three-Layer Synergistic Methodology for Scientific Cognition: Eliminating Cognitive Bias and Pursuing Dynamic Balance

This paper establishes a three-layer synergistic methodology for scientific cognition, consisting of the phenomenon layer, the symbol layer, and the theory layer. It systematically analyzes the formation mechanism of cognitive bias, focusing on two typical cognitive deviations: the under-representation of symbolic systems and the over-construction of theoretical models. By clarifying the logical relationship and interactive mechanism among the three core layers, this work proposes a phenomenon-centered dynamic balance principle to correct cognitive distortions and restore the objective orientation of scientific cognition. This methodological framework provides a standardized and universal path for interdisciplinary scientific exploration, rational thinking, and the elimination of cognitive bias.