Utilization of Hot Springs in Oman for Sustainable Electricity Generation

Abstract: This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing naturally occurring hot springs in Oman as a sustainable source of electricity generation. Oman’s electricity sector is still largely dependent on natural gas, creating long-term concerns related to energy security and environmental sustainability. Several hot spring locations, including Al Kasfah Hot Spring and Nakhl Hot Springs, provide continuous geothermal water flow with moderate temperatures that can be exploited using low-temperature geothermal technologies. The research proposes an integrated system that utilizes thermal energy, kinetic energy from water flow, and low-pressure steam to generate electricity. The primary technology considered is the binary cycle system, particularly the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), which is well suited for low-enthalpy geothermal resources. A hybrid configuration combining heat exchangers, micro-hydraulic turbines, and compact steam turbines is suggested to maximize energy recovery. Environmental analysis indicates that geothermal power derived from hot springs has a very low carbon footprint, especially when reinjection strategies are applied to maintain reservoir sustainability and protect natural ecosystems (DiPippo, 2016). Economically, small-scale modular systems are shown to be attractive due to relatively low operating costs and the absence of fuel requirements (Lund & Boyd, 2016). The study also highlights the importance of regulatory frameworks, environmental impact assessments, and community engagement in ensuring successful project implementation. The results demonstrate that hot spring–based electricity generation can contribute to national energy diversification strategies, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and support decentralized power supply in rural and touristic regions. The study concludes that geothermal energy from hot springs represents a promising and underutilized renewable resource for Oman’s future sustainable energy development.