Bovine mastitis: role of antibiotic sensitivity testing

India is the world’s leading milk producer, and dairy farming is vital for rural livelihoods and food security (FAOSTAT, 2023). However, bovine mastitis remains one of the most widespread and economically important diseases affecting dairy cows and buffaloes (Halasa et al., 2007). Studies in India report that subclinical mastitis often affects over 40% of lactating animals, causing significant hidden production losses (Bangar et al., 2015). The disease reduces milk yield and quality, increases somatic cell counts, and raises treatment and culling costs (Seegers et al., 2003). In many cases, antibiotics are used empirically without laboratory confirmation, contributing to the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among major pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (Oliver et al., 2011; Marshall & Levy, 2011). AMR not only compromises treatment success but also poses risks to public health through the food chain (WHO, 2015). Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing (AST) provides a scientific approach to select effective drugs based on pathogen susceptibility, thereby improving cure rates and promoting responsible antimicrobial use (CLSI, 2020; Ruegg, 2017). Integrating routine AST into mastitis management is therefore essential for sustainable dairy production and protection of animal and public health in India.