Space-Element Cosmology: Event-Structure Time, Primordial Attraction, and Cosmic Causal Determination

Modern cosmology attempts to explain the origin, evolution, and large-scale structure of the universe through various theoretical frameworks. However, several conceptual issues remain unresolved, including the fundamental nature of time, the origin of gravitational attraction, and the causal structure governing cosmic evolution. This paper proposes a cosmological framework based on the concept of a Space-Element Field, within which the universe evolves as a dynamic physical system. In this model, space is not an empty geometric background but a structured medium composed of fundamental space-elements whose collective dynamics govern gravitational phenomena and cosmic evolution. Time is interpreted as an event-structure phenomenon, defined by the sequential occurrence and accumulation of events rather than as an independent flowing entity. Variations in observed time arise from changes in event density and dynamical conditions of the space-element field, particularly under high velocity and gravitational environments. The model also introduces the concept of Primordial Attraction, an intrinsic cohesive tendency embedded in matter since the early stages of the universe, which contributes to the formation of structures ranging from particles and atoms to stars, galaxies, and black holes. Within this framework, cosmic evolution follows a principle termed Cosmic Causal Determination, where the large-scale sequence of events in the universe emerges from the initial physical conditions established during the Big Bang. The proposed Space-Element Cosmology integrates event-based time, primordial attraction, and space-element dynamics into a unified perspective for understanding cosmic structure and evolution. Possible cosmological outcomes—including eternal expansion, dynamic equilibrium, and large-scale cosmic interactions—are discussed as consequences of the universe's initial conditions and ongoing causal processes.