Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among Pregnancy Women in Coimbatore

Antibiotic resistance (AR) poses a significant global public health threat, exacerbated by inappropriate antibiotic use, particularly among vulnerable populations such as breastfeeding mothers. This cross-sectional study assessed the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and resistance among 265 breastfeeding women in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews across healthcare facilities and community settings. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses (Chi-square, odds ratios) were used to evaluate KAP levels and associated demographic factors. Results revealed that while 71.69% of mothers reported completing prescribed antibiotic courses and 74.58% correctly understood that resistance occurs in bacteria—not the human body—significant knowledge gaps persisted. Only 51.28% recognized that resistant bacteria spread via contact with humans, animals, or the environment. About 64.07% obtained antibiotics from pharmacies, yet 5.76% sourced them from family or friends. Notably, 66.03% completed their antibiotic course, but 20.42% admitted not taking antibiotics at all during illness. Higher knowledge levels were significantly associated with younger age (20–40 years), tertiary education, and employment status. The study highlights critical gaps in understanding AR transmission and infant risks, underscoring the need for targeted health education programs tailored for breastfeeding mothers. Promoting rational antibiotic use is essential to safeguard maternal and infant health and combat rising antimicrobial resistance in Coimbatore and similar settings.