Vaishnavism and Society in the Sanskrit Champu Literature of Bengal

Abstract: This research paper explores the significance of Vaishnava religion and society through the lens of Sanskrit Champu kavyas composed by Bengali poets. While Vaishnavism found early roots in South India through the Alvars and acharyas like Ramanuja and Madhva, its momentum in North India was significantly accelerated by Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. During a period of social apathy and external religious pressures, Mahaprabhu revitalized Sanatana Dharma through the philosophy of AchintyaBheda-Abheda, spreading Vishnu-bhakti regardless of caste or creed. The study specifically analyzes the contributions of Chaitanya’s followers—such as Sri Jiva Goswami, Kavi Karnapura, Raghunath Das Goswami, Raghunandan Goswami, and Chiranjiva. Their Champu compositions are evaluated for their theological depth and their role in establishing religious peace and social stability. By examining these texts, the paper highlights how Bengali Champu poets played a pivotal role in the global propagation of Vaishnavism and the preservation of cultural harmony in Bengal.