A Comparative Analysis of Thermodynamic Efficiency Limits and Material Constraints in Modern Turbofan Engines

This paper analyzes the extent to which turbofan engines can contain and loose effieciency. Validated by the second law of thermodynamics, the perfect effeciency, "Carnot Limit" is theoretically impossible due to friction and heat waste. The research focuses on the trade off between high temperature engine performance and material durability, specifically how Ceramic Matrix Composites can push the limits other materials usually fail at. The study concludes that although the Carnot Limit remains a persistent barrier, new material is essential for creating more efficient flight.