An Analytical Study of Anushangika Kriyas in Vivaha Samskara

Abstract: In Hinduism, Samskaras (sacraments) are the fundamental elements in constructing the religious and social framework of human life. Among the Shodasha Samskaras (sixteen sacraments), the Vivaha Samskara (marriage sacrament) is the most significant, as it marks an individual’s entry into the Grihasthashrama (householder stage). Beyond the core Vedic rituals of marriage, certain auxiliary rites are performed that provide completeness to the sacrament. In scriptural terminology, these are referred to as Anushangika Kriya (subsidiary or incidental rites). These include rituals such as Vagdana (betrothal), Kanyasampradana (giving away the bride), Panigrahana (clasping the hand), Lajahoma (offering parched rice to the fire), and Saptapadi (the seven steps), among others. This article analyzes the various types and descriptions of these auxiliary marriage rites in the light of the Grihyasutras, Dharmasutras, and Smritis, while also exploring their relevance in the modern era