Environmental and Energy Applications

Nanotechnology presents transformative opportunities for addressing global environmental degradation and energy sustainability challenges. By precisely engineering materials at the nanoscale, researchers have developed advanced catalysts, adsorbents, membranes, sensors and energy systems that outperform traditional technologies. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of nanotechnology’s role in environmental protection and energy innovation, including water treatment, air and soil remediation, pollutant sensing, renewable energy conversion, energy storage and carbon mitigation. Special emphasis is given to recent breakthroughs, sustainability considerations, environmental risks and future research pathways.