An Exploratory Mathematical Approach to Mechanisms That Allow Cancer Cells to Evade the Immune System: New Insights and Future Directions

One of the biggest obstacles in current oncology and immunotherapy is cancer cells' capacity to avoid the host immune system. Using deterministic modeling based on physical and biological sciences, this study offers an exploratory mathematical approach to grasp the complicated, non-linear dynamics of immune evasion. We present a mechanistic framework that encompasses the spatiotemporal features of immune suppression by codifying the interactions between tumor growth, effector immune cell responses, and vascular barriers. This theoretical framework finally offers fresh quantitative understanding of tumor microenvironment dynamics and points out possible paths for including mathematical models with clinical treatment plans.