TRIANGULAR PALINDROMIC ARRAYS AND REVERSE DIFFERENCE STRUCTURES.
Abstract
We introduce a deterministic construction based on palindromic digit arrays generated from arbitrary finite digit sequence. Given a base sequence π΅=π1π2β¦ππ, we form the even length palindrome π0=π΅π΅β, where π΅β denotes the reversal of π΅. Successive rows are obtained by symmetric truncation of outer digit pairs, producing an inverted triangular array of palindromic digit strings π0,π1,β¦,π{πβ1}. For each row ππ, we partition the palindrome into left and right halves πΏπ and π
π=πΏπβ, and define the reverse difference value π·π=|π
πβπΏπ|. Using elementary properties of decimal representations and digit reversals, we establish two fundamental modular invariants of the construction. Every triangular row ππ is divisible by 11 and every reverse difference value π·π is divisible by 9 and therefore also by 3. We further derive an explicit decomposition formula expressing the reverse difference as a weighted sum of symmetric digit pair differences, |π
βπΏ|=|β(π{π+1βπ}βππ)10{πβπ}|,{π}{π=1} showing that the reverse difference depends only on the asymmetric component of the digit sequence. Within the triangular construction, successive truncations eliminate the contribution of outer symmetric digit pairs yielding a layered decomposition of digit asymmetry. The construction generates several deterministic integer sequences and structures arising from the triangular geometry, including the reverse difference sequence π·π, the normalized sequence ππ=π·π9, the ternary sequence πΈπ=π·π3, boundary sequences and symmetric column sum pairs whose digits coincide up to reversal. The triangular palindromic system therefore links palindromic digit symmetry, triangular truncation dynamics and modular arithmetic invariants providing a structured framework for studying digit reversal operators and arithmetic patterns arising from palindromic digit constructions.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Smarandache Functions and Recreational Number Theory
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
semigroups and automata theory
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 12 March 2026
- Language
- EN