ELECTRON BALANCE IN THE PROTON-PROTON CYCLE: Why the Standard Model Loses Half of the Universe.

In standard calculations of the proton-proton cycle, electrons are considered as a neutral background that does not affect nuclear reactions. This leads to systematic discrepancies: the predicted flux of solar neutrinos is 30–50% lower than the observed one, the energy balance does not converge without fitting parameters. The paper shows that taking into account the electron environment as an active participant in phase dynamics completely restores the balance. Electrons do not just shield the charge, they create a quantum resonator in which the phases of protons are synchronized, and excess energy is carried away by a positron. Numerical calculations are given that demonstrate the convergence of the balance of mass and energy when taking into account the electron phase.