Castleman Disease: A Rare Lymphoproliferative Disorder — A Comprehensive Review

A uncommon and diverse category of lymphoproliferative illnesses, Castleman disease (CD) is defined by aberrant lymphoid tissue proliferation with a range of clinical manifestations, histological characteristics, and prognoses. CD comprises distinct subtypes, broadly classified into unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), with further subclassifications based on viral association and clinical features. Despite advancements in understanding its pathogenesis and treatment, diagnosis remains challenging due to symptom overlap with other disorders. This article reviews current knowledge on CD, encompassing clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, etiology, and potential avenues for further research.