The Unique Now (UN) Model: A cosmological approach based on energy degradation

An alternative cosmological model is presented in which the fundamental variable of the universe is the global energy degradation, Ed. In this framework, time emerges as a variable dependent on Ed, and the arrow of time is interpreted as a consequence of the irreversible decrease in available energy. Expansion equations equivalent to the Friedmann equations are derived, expressed in terms of Ed, and a scheme is proposed to interpret the expansion of the universe and the redshift from an energetic perspective. This approach offers a theoretical framework for future comparisons with cosmological observations.