IOT Based Predictive Monitoring System of Oxygen, Temperature and Human Density with Smart Alert Mechanism

Ensuring environmental safety and effective crowd management is critical in both indoor spaces and outdoor gatherings such as public meetings and large-scale events. An IoT-based predictive monitoring system is developed to continuously track oxygen levels, ambient temperature and human density using appropriate sensors interfaced with a Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller. The acquired sensor data is transmitted to a cloud platform for real-time visualization and analysis. A predictive monitoring strategy is implemented by analyzing real-time sensor data patterns to identify potential unsafe conditions such as oxygen depletion, abnormal temperature rise and overcrowding. When the monitored or predicted parameters exceed predefined safety thresholds, a smart alert mechanism is activated, providing local alerts through buzzers and LED indicators, along with remote notifications via cloud-based services. The system is cost-effective, scalable and easy to deploy, making it suitable for indoor environments, outdoor public gatherings and smart city safety applications.