Divergent Multi-Version Execution (DME): Canonical Instruction-Trace Based Fault Detection via Structural Address-Space Decorrelation

A formal presentation of the Divergent Multi-Version Execution (DME) framework for robust fault detection in embedded systems. DME replaces physical state comparison with canonical instruction-trace hashing. By enforcing diversity through compiler-driven address-space decorrelation, the system amplifies transient faults into detectable execution divergences. The model is implementation-agnostic and scales from lightweight block-level protection to fine-grained, single-instruction fault coverage. Key Topics: Structural Address-Space Decorrelation (ASLR-inspired fault tolerance). Canonical Trace Alignment Property. Fault Amplification through NOP-padding asymmetry. Experimental validation on ARM Cortex-M hardware.