From Numerology to Geometry: The Proton-Electron Mass Ratio as Spectral Volume of the Trefoil Knot Complement
Abstract
The proton-electron mass ratio μ=mp/me=1836.152 673 42 (CODATA 2022) [18] has resisted theoretical derivation within the Standard Model for over seven decades. We show that the 1951 Lenz coincidence μ≈6π5 emerges naturally within Discrete Topological Torsion Theory (DTTT), where particles are knotted solitons in a Cosserat elastic vacuum. The key insight is that charge is determined by the spectral content of the three-dimensional knot complement M, while mass is determined by the five-dimensional unit tangent bundle S∗M because specifying a dynamical state requires both position and direction. The factor 6 is the monodromy period of the trefoil's Seifert fibration (M6=I, proven). The factor π5 is the leading Seeley-DeWitt heat kernel coefficient on the Z2-twisted bundle. An independent confirmation comes from analytic number theory: L(5,χ−3)=4π5/(7293), where χ−3 is the trefoil's intrinsic Dirichlet character. The derivation involves zero adjustable parameters and yields 18.8 ppm accuracy.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
Quantum
superfluid
helium dynamics
Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 15 March 2026
- Language
- EN
- Document type
- Preprint