From Numerology to Geometry: The Proton-Electron Mass Ratio as Spectral Volume of the Trefoil Knot Complement

Read full text
Authors: Aaditya Bhatt
Cited by: 2

Abstract

The proton-electron mass ratio μ=mp/me=1836.152 673 42 (CODATA 2022) [18] has resisted theoretical derivation within the Standard Model for over seven decades. We show that the 1951 Lenz coincidence μ≈6π5 emerges naturally within Discrete Topological Torsion Theory (DTTT), where particles are knotted solitons in a Cosserat elastic vacuum. The key insight is that charge is determined by the spectral content of the three-dimensional knot complement M, while mass is determined by the five-dimensional unit tangent bundle S∗M because specifying a dynamical state requires both position and direction. The factor 6 is the monodromy period of the trefoil's Seifert fibration (M6=I, proven). The factor π5 is the leading Seeley-DeWitt heat kernel coefficient on the Z2-twisted bundle. An independent confirmation comes from analytic number theory: L(5,χ−3)=4π5/(7293), where χ−3 is the trefoil's intrinsic Dirichlet character. The derivation involves zero adjustable parameters and yields 18.8 ppm accuracy.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics Quantum superfluid helium dynamics Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
15 March 2026
Language
EN
Document type
Preprint