A Study on Digital Twins in Internet of Things (IOT)

Digital Twins (DT) have emerged as a transformative paradigm within modern cyberphysical systems, offering the capability to construct accurate and continuously updated virtual representations of physical assets, processes, and environments. This enhances system intelligence, operational efficiency, fault detection, and lifecycle optimisation across domains such as smart spaces, industrial automation, healthcare, and energy management. The key architectural components, development methodologies, and technological enablers that support Digital Twin-enabled IoT ecosystems are the subject of this comprehensive investigation. It synthesises recent scholarly contributions to examine multi-layer DT architectures—ranging from physical and communication layers to computational and application layers—while exploring advanced synchronisation mechanisms required to maintain coherence between the physical entity and its virtual counterpart.