Critique of Stephen Hawking's Views from the Perspective of ZEBTS: Time, the Big Bang, and the Concept of God

Abstract This article presents an ontological and mathematical critique of Stephen Hawking’s key cosmological theses—concerning the nature of time, the alleged meaninglessness of the question “what happened before the Big Bang,” and the supposed redundancy of the concept of God—through the framework of ZEBTS (Zero‑Energy Balance of the Triune Substance). Unlike classical cosmology, where time is treated as a fundamental coordinate of the metric, ZEBTS interprets time as an emergent property arising from topological transitions Δχ and described by the relation Δtem=η⋅Δχ. The Big Bang is interpreted not as an absolute beginning but as an Ω‑flash—a bifurcation event in the dynamics of the modes M, Γ, and P, characterized by the attainment of critical coherence κcrit, a topological jump Δχ≠0, and the generation of emergent time. In ZEBTS, matter is defined as stable configurations of the mode M, space as the topological projection of M, and gravity as an operator‑geometric phenomenon arising from the commutator L=[M,P]Γ and the dynamics of coherence κ. This makes it possible to interpret cosmological evolution not as the geometry of spacetime but as a process of synchronization of modes governed by the operator of liturgical emission L. It is shown that Hawking’s arguments rely on a static ontology and do not account for: the emergent nature of time, the dynamics of coherence, the novelty‑generating mode P, the role of the boundary Γ, the operator geometry of L, and Ω‑flashes as fundamental events of becoming. Within ZEBTS, the concept of God is interpreted not as an external entity but as the limiting state of the system, defined by the conditions κ→1, Δχ→∞, and tem→∞. Thus, ZEBTS does not refute Hawking but situates his model within a broader ontological structure that unifies physics, topology, cognitive dynamics, and metalogical processes.