Earthquake-Resistant Technologies: Innovations, Challenges, and the Future of Seismic Safety

Earthquakes known for their unpredictability remain one of the most devastating natural disasters, threatening lives, economies, and the structural integrity of nations across the globe. As urbanization accelerates and populations concentrate in the zones of high risk, the demand for robust earthquake-resistant technologies has become more urgent than ever before. This study synthesizes technical reports, and global case studies to: (1) trace the historical evolution of seismic engineering (2) evaluate modern structural and non-structural technologies such as base isolation, energy dissipation devices, and smart materials (3) explore socioeconomic, gender, and climate-related dimensions of seismic resilience (4) assess the role of big data and Ai in earthquake monitoring (5) propose policy and practice recommendations for inclusive, sustainable implementation. Findings show both advances and persistent gaps, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and policy driven infrastructure reform