COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS AND PISONIA GRANDIS ON ANTI OSTEOPOROTIC ACTIVITY – REVIEW

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk due to an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Osteoclast activity is accelerated and bone structure is weakened by factors like age, estrogen insufficiency, and nutritional imbalance. Interest in using natural therapeutic substances for safer management is growing. Rich in bioactive phytochemicals, Cissus quadrangularis and Pisonia grandis have anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoclastic, antioxidant, and bone-supporting qualities. Their potential as natural anti-osteoporotic medicines is highlighted by their pharmacological properties and traditional use. The phytochemistry, pharmacology, and molecular processes of CQ and PG are thoroughly examined in this study, which also indicates research needs for further investigation and reveals variations in their osteoprotective capabilities. The results unequivocally show that whereas PG needs more mechanistic and clinical testing, CQ is a validated natural option for osteoporosis therapy.