Metrological Dominoes: How an Algebraic Fine Structure Constant Restructures the Measurement of Time

Every atomic clock counts electromagnetic transitions. Every electromagnetic transition frequency depends on the fine structure constant α. Currently, α is not known from theory — it is extracted from experiment, most precisely from the electron anomalous magnetic moment via inversion of the Schwinger QED series. This creates a circular dependency: the best value of α comes from QED, while QED predictions for other quantities use that same α as input. A companion paper (Carpenter, 2026s) showed that the algebraic equation α⁻¹ + S·α = 4π³ + π² + π produces α⁻¹ = 137.035999177, indistinguishable from the most precise measurement in physics (Fan et al., 2023; 0.3σ, 11 ppb). This paper traces the consequences. If α is algebraic — known exactly, with zero uncertainty — a metrological domino chain activates: the Rydberg constant becomes determinable from hydrogen spectroscopy alone; the electron mass improves by a factor of 158; the electron g-2 transforms from a constant-determination tool into a pure QED test; the 5.5σ Rb-Cs discrepancy acquires a fixed target; optical clock frequency ratios gain exact α-dependent factors; and the framework predicts dα/dt/α = 0 exactly — a strong, falsifiable claim against cosmological variation theories. The paper quantifies each step with specific sensitivity coefficients, uncertainty budgets, and implications for the planned redefinition of the SI second circa 2030.