The Finite Gap: BSD at Rank 2 Reduces to Finiteness of Sha Copy

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Authors: Clifford Keeble
Cited by: 5
References: 1

Abstract

We compile the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer invariants of the elliptic curve 389a1 — the smallest-conductor curve of rank 2 — using a uniform computational pipeline that treats all ranks identically. Every quantity entering the BSD formula at rank 2 (the L-function derivative L''(E,1), the real period Ω, the regulator R, the torsion order, and the Tamagawa product) is unconditionally computable from proved ingredients: modularity, the functional equation, and the Néron–Tate height pairing. The regulator is computed independently by two methods: analytically from L''(E,1)/2Ω, and algebraically from the canonical height pairing on the known Mordell–Weil generators. Their ratio gives |Sha| = 1.0000003, and since |Sha| must be a positive perfect square (if finite), the only consistent value is |Sha| = 1. The full BSD conjecture at rank 2 therefore reduces to a single assertion: the Tate–Shafarevich group is finite. We identify this as the finite gap — the precise boundary between what is computed and what remains open.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic Analytic Number Theory Research

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
18 March 2026
Document type
Preprint