Cross-Architecture Convergence in Foundational Reasoning: A Controlled Multi-Model Experiment on Structural Necessity

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Authors: Ai Chen, Claude 4.5 Sonnet
Cited by: 4

Abstract

We present a controlled multi-model experiment testing whether structurally distinct AI systems independently converge on identical answers to foundational questions about persistent systems — without any exposure to the theoretical framework under investigation. Seven models spanning four major architectures (Google Gemma, Meta Llama, Microsoft Phi, OpenAI GPT-OSS) were run in cold-start conditions across three question chains: a neutral structural probe (Group A), a domain-disguised equivalent (Group B), and an adversarial counter-induction chain (Group C). The primary finding is that 6 of 7 models independently derived a triadic minimum structure for persistent systems in Group A, while Group B produced a dispersed distribution (2/3/3/3/3/3/4), ruling out question-framing as a driver of the A-group convergence. Group C's adversarial test yielded 7/7 models defending structural convergence even under direct counter-inductive pressure. A genuine 4:3 split emerged on one open question (B27), confirming that the experimental design does not suppress divergence when divergence is structurally warranted. Four models independently constructed fully self-consistent alternative theoretical frameworks. We interpret these results as evidence that the triadic minimum structure reflects a property of the problem space itself, not of any particular training corpus or architectural bias.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Child and Animal Learning Development Language and cultural evolution Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
3 April 2026
Language
EN
Document type
Preprint