Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Vegetative Propagation

Abstract Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are central to the control of growth, differentiation, and organ formation in vegetative plant propagation. Acting at very low concentrations, these compounds regulate cellular division, dedifferentiation, and redifferentiation processes that enable successful rooting, shoot formation, and graft union development. This review synthesizes the biological basis of PGR action in vegetative propagation, with emphasis on the roles of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Their functions across different vegetative propagation methods—including cuttings, layering, grafting, and micropropagation—are discussed, along with advantages and risks associated with their use. Understanding hormonal balance and species-specific responses is essential for efficient and sustainable clonal plant production. Keywords: Plant growth regulators; Auxins; Cytokinins; Vegetative propagation; Adventitious rooting; Micropropagation