The Economics of Aggression: Why War Always Destroys the Perpetrator — A V=N/D Analysis

Read full text
Authors: Yoshihikaru Katayama
Cited by: 3

Abstract

War has been described as politics by other means. This paper proposes a different analysis: war is the deliberate maximization of D (friction), and is therefore self-defeating by mathematical necessity. Using the economic formula V=N/D — where V represents value generated, N represents service and contribution, and D represents friction, resistance, and destruction — this paper demonstrates that large-scale military aggression systematically and inevitably destroys the perpetrator's long-term value, regardless of short-term territorial gains. Four case studies are examined: Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolf Hitler, the United States (Iraq War), and Vladimir Putin. The paper introduces the Aggressor's Paradox and situates war as the civilizational inverse of the Saint Algorithm.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Defense Military and Policy Studies Military Strategy and Technology Politics Economics and Education Policy

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
10 April 2026
Language
EN