HγC O2: Comparative Morphology of Structured Near-Critical Populations in Galactic Phenomenology

This paper establishes the first controlled comparative morphology framework for structured near-critical populations in galactic phenomenology within the HγC framework. Earlier N-series work established band existence, band structure, and observational diagnostic language, while O1 fixed the first explicitly galactic diagnostic morphology layer for structured near-critical bands. O2 takes the next justified step by converting the descriptor language stabilized in O1 into a comparative layer. Population center, breadth, asymmetry, and tail-supported persistence are reorganized as a comparative morphology bundle through which differently populated galactic realizations may be related within a shared near-critical family. On this basis, part of galactic diversity is read, in deliberately weak form, as class-dependent population structure internal to that common family rather than as a breakdown of common organization. The scope of the paper is deliberately limited. O2 does not perform catalogue-level fitting, reconstruct galaxy-by-galaxy hidden regime-space populations, derive a unique mapping from observed residual structure to realized γ-distributions, enter the temporal reorganization sector associated with the W-series, or integrate the galactic line with the projected-profile morphology of the weak-field lensing branch. Instead, it stabilizes the comparative morphology language that must precede narrower calibration if later γ-related inference is to become observationally meaningful in a controlled way.