Overcoming the Limits of Standard Cosmology: A Proposal for the 3D Internal Flotation Model (IFM)

This paper proposes the 3D Internal Flotation Model (IFM) as a new geometric framework to overcome the limitations of the standard "Balloon Surface Analogy" in cosmology. By redefining the universe as a three-dimensional internal space rather than a two-dimensional expansion on a surface, this model provides a novel perspective on the Hubble tension and cosmic uniformity. This work serves as the conceptual foundation for the forthcoming Grand Celestial Orbital Dynamics (GCOD) v1, which will provide quantitative proofs and mathematical formulations for the observed expansion phenomena.