Structural Performance Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Incorporating Waste Foundry Sand and Glass Powder as Partial Fine Aggregate Replacement

Sustainable construction practices encourage the use of industrial by-products and recycled materials to reduce environmental impact and material consumption in concrete production. This research investigates the structural performance of reinforced concrete incorporating waste foundry sand and waste glass powder as partial replacements for natural fine aggregates. The study evaluates compressive strength, tensile strength, and durability properties of concrete mixtures prepared with varying replacement ratios. Laboratory tests analyze the mechanical behavior of modified concrete compared with conventional mixes. Structural performance under loading conditions is also examined to determine the suitability of these alternative materials in reinforced concrete construction. Experimental results indicate that controlled replacement levels of waste foundry sand and glass powder maintain structural strength while reducing dependence on natural aggregates. The findings provide practical guidance for incorporating recycled materials into structural concrete while maintaining compliance with engineering performance requirements.