Reciprocidad institucional y neurodivergencia: Modelo MADI-RI, escala ERIN-MADI y prueba documental piloto de la RAC

Neurodivergence is commonly examined as a clinical category, a cultural identity, or an individual functional difference. This dissertation advances a relational thesis: disadvantage emerges when an institution treats neurotypicality as a neutral standard, moralizes ambiguous conduct, concentrates translation costs on the neurodivergent person, and makes support depend on diagnostic or administrative procedures that do not always measure functional need. The main contribution is the Harmful Agency and Reciprocal Institution Model (MADI-RI), which identifies the institutional segment of harm and converts it into falsifiable hypotheses. The dissertation proposes the ERIN-MADI scale to assess institutional reciprocity and the Cost Asymmetry Ratio (RAC) to estimate the distribution of adaptive burdens between person and institution. The final version includes an executed documentary Study 0 based on seven public sources. This study tests the initial applicability of RAC but is not presented as psychometric validation. The design integrates a PRISMA-ScR scoping review, COSMIN criteria, participatory Delphi procedures, cognitive interviews, a participant pilot with n = 30-50, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in JASP/lavaan, invariance testing, and convergent/discriminant validity. The normative foundation draws on capabilities, ethics of care, relational autonomy, and disability rights. The dissertation argues that a mature institution does not simply train neurodivergent people to appear neurotypical; it redistributes costs so that neurocognitive variation does not become personal debt, moral suspicion, or cumulative harm.